“This can be a huge deal,” mentioned Michigan governor Gretchen Whitmer in a press convention unveiling plans for the manufacturing facility. Increasing battery choices will permit Ford to “construct extra EVs quicker, and finally make them extra reasonably priced,” mentioned Invoice Ford, Ford’s government chair.
Often known as lithium ferrous phosphate (LFP) batteries, the sort to be produced on the new plant are a lower-cost various to the nickel- and cobalt-containing batteries utilized in most electrical automobiles within the US and Europe at this time. Whereas the know-how has grown in recognition in China, Ford’s manufacturing facility, developed in partnership with the Chinese language battery large CATL, marks a milestone within the West. By slicing prices whereas additionally boosting charging velocity and increasing lifetime, LFP batteries may assist broaden EV choices for drivers.
Lithium-ion batteries all include lithium, which helps retailer cost in part of the battery referred to as the cathode. However lithium doesn’t do that job alone: it’s joined within the cathode by a supporting solid of different supplies.
The most typical form of cathode utilized in automobiles at this time accommodates nickel, manganese, and cobalt along with lithium. Some automakers, like Tesla, use one other cathode chemistry made with nickel, cobalt, and aluminum. Each these cathode sorts have risen to prominence partly as a result of they’ve excessive vitality density, that means the batteries can be smaller and lighter than others that may retailer the identical quantity of vitality.
Whereas these two was once the default decisions for cathodes in EV batteries, lithium iron phosphate, an older chemistry, has seen a comeback prior to now few years, largely pushed by large development in China.
These iron-containing batteries are typically about 20% cheaper than different lithium-ion batteries with the identical capability at this time. That is partly as a result of LFP doesn’t include cobalt or nickel, costly metals which have seen large worth swings in recent times. Battery makers are additionally working to scale back cobalt content material as a result of mining the steel has been tied to notably dangerous working situations.
Making cathodes with out cobalt and nickel may assist automakers minimize prices, and a few have already begun to shift battery chemistry utilized in automobiles offered within the US. Tesla imports LFP cells from China at this time for some fashions, together with its Mannequin 3. Ford beforehand introduced that it might begin utilizing the know-how in its Mach-E in 2023 and within the F-150 Lightning in 2024.
With its newly introduced manufacturing facility, Ford would turn into the primary automaker to provide LFP batteries within the US. The brand new facility, which is able to use know-how from CATL, may assist kick-start LFP manufacturing within the US extra broadly. “It’s a pivotal level for the North American manufacturing panorama,” says Evelina Stoikou, a battery know-how analyst at BloombergNEF, an energy-focused analysis agency.
